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Email is known as a private method of communication. When you send an email, the email server only knows the email address you are sending it to. However, there are some cases where email servers have been compromised by attackers who were able to gain access to stored email data. This has led some people to wonder what happens when your email account gets hacked and who can read their own email messages in such cases?
Some email systems make use of SSL encryption when relaying letters between clients and servers. This makes it much harder for any unauthorized person (or "hacker") to listen in on the channel in order to intercept and read the personal correspondence in transit. Many Internet Service Providers (ISP), businesses, schools, or other email service providers will encrypt email messages so their content is not readable by anyone otherwise.
Except where email messages are sent securely, email does not contain any privacy protections. This means that email content can be easily intercepted and read without the consent of either sender or receiver. Anyone with access to network traffic (such as an ISP) has the ability to intercept email data in transit if they wanted to. If you're using email at work, some employers might prevent employees from sending personal emails (including marketing emails which often come from third parties). On the home front, parents might restrict access for teenagers on social networking sites like Facebook, but allow them e-mail access because it's more difficult for parents to control what teens do online when emailing friends.
In an email, email headers contain information detailing who sent the email and where it came from. The email header will often include the email addresses of both sender and receiver, but not always. An email header is a collection of information about an email message that precedes the actual body text of the email message itself. Email headers are also designed to help email servers direct mail around correctly along its path from sender to receiver.
This is done through Email tracking services, they track your every single move across all your social networks when you sign in with your email address or phone number. You can see if someone has been snooping on you by checking for any unusual activity such as new friend requests on Facebook or Twitter.